Jakarta, Indonesia’s sprawling capital, is sinking faster than any other major city in the world, with some areas dropping by as much as 25 centimeters per year. The rapid subsidence is primarily caused by excessive groundwater extraction, as millions of residents and businesses pump water from underground aquifers faster than they can be naturally replenished. Without urgent intervention, scientists warn that much of northern Jakarta could be entirely submerged by 2050, threatening the homes an