We recognize a common pattern of phy-logenetic conservatism in ecological character and highlight the challenges of using phylogenies of partial lineages. We also review phylogenetic approaches to three emer-gent properties of communities: species diversity, relative abundance distributions, and range sizes.

Cadotte and Davies systematically look at all the main areas of current ecophylogenetic methodology, testing, and inference. Each chapter of their book covers a unique topic, emphasizes key assumptions, and introduces the appropriate statistical methods and null models required for testing phylogenetically informed hypotheses.

transforming ecology by offering fresh ways to estimate the similarities and differences among species, and by providing deeper, evolutionary-based insights on species distributions, coexistence, and niche partitioning.

This research-driven textbook introduces state-of-the-art community ecology to a new generation of students, adopting reasoned and balanced perspectives on as-yet-unresolved issues. Community Ecology is suitable for advanced

Community phylogenetics [or phylogenetic community ecology (sensu Webb et al., 2002)] seeks to understand the processes that govern species assemblages on the basis of the phylogenetic relationships shared among co-existing species (Webb et al., 2002; Emerson and Gillespie, 2008; Vamosi et al., 2009). As a field primarily devoted to ...

Here we briefly review the history of the use of phylogenetics in ecology, starting with early attempts to classify the diversity of life and the development of evolutionary theory, through the rise of the comparative method, and finally to the emergence of ecological phylogenetics or ecophylogenetics. 1.1. SYSTEMATICS AND THE DIVERSITY OF LIFE.

Community phylogenetics seeks to explore the ecological and evolutionary factors that underlie the assembly of communities and how species interactions influence evolutionary and ecosystem processes.

Phylogenetic beta diversity (phylobetadiversity) measures the phylogenetic distance among communities and as such allows us to connect local processes, such as biotic interactions and environmental filtering, with more regional processes including trait evolution and speciation.

explore the practical interchange of concepts between evolutionary biology and community ecology, highlighting studies that both use phylogenetic information and consider the community context of individual organisms, and that represent a range of disciplines, from microbiology and parasitology to ornithology--P. S1.

There have been two major approaches developed that quan-tify species ecological differences: functional (or trait based) and phylogenetic (or the amount of evolutionary divergence).

Empirically, phylogenies and community ecology have been put together pre- dominantly in studies of community assembly, organization, and species co-occur- rence, and we identify in this literature three major approaches (Figure 1).

We performed a literature review with 188 analyses from 79 published papers that compared some facet of phylogenetic (PD) and functional diversity (FD) in community ecology.

Long treated as separate disciplines, the plethora of obser-vations, experiments, and theoretical developments in ecology and evolution reinforce the reality that there are a finite number of mechanisms that shape the distribution and diver-sity of life on Earth.

Community ecology investigates the nature of organismal interactions, their origins, and their ecological and evolu-tionary consequences. Community dynamics form the link between uniquely evolved species and ecosystem functions that affect global processes.

In this paper, we review these advances. We also highlight the potential of comparative methods to integrate across fields and focus on three examples where such integration might be particularly valuable: quantitative genetics, community ecology, and paleobiology.

Phylomatic (http://www.phylodiversity.net/phylomatic) is an online phylogenetic query tool where users submit a list of taxa (e.g. from an ecological community), with modern family and genus names, and which returns a phylogenetic hypothesis for the relationships among taxa.

We highlight new research avenues that foster greater consideration of both ecological and evolutionary dynamics as processes that occur along branches of phylogenetic trees.

The use of phylogenies in ecology is increasingly common and has broadened our understanding of biological diversity. Ecological sub-disciplines, particularly conservation, community ecology and macroecology, all recognize the value of evolutionary relationships but the resulting development of phylogenetic approaches has led to a proliferation of

transforming ecology by offering fresh ways to estimate the similarities and differences among species, and by providing deeper, evolutionary-based insights on species distributions, coexistence, and niche partitioning.

141 recently incorporated phylogenies into analyses, using evolutionary relationships to 142 understand observed ecological and macroevolutionary patterns and processes, such as 143 community assembly or biodiversity gradients.