• This review delineates the subtype-specific roles of nAChRs—such as α 4 β 2, α 6 β 2 *, and α 5-containing subtypes—in mediating nicotine rewards and aversion via distinct neural circuits. • The VTA ...
Illustration courtesy of Vivian Chang GLP-1 receptor agonists are being studied as a treatment for a variety of substance use disorders (SUDs). This 3-part series looks at the current evidence for the ...
There’s a popular idea that our brains have two sides with two roles. The left side of the brain is analytical and concerned with facts and figures, whereas the right side of the brain is creative, ...
The United States is one of just three countries that "prefers" imperial measurements over the international metric standard. The motivation why has less to do with official policy than you might ...
Social rank regulates methamphetamine-seeking behavior by modulating the mesocortical and mesolimbic dopamine pathways, and winning experiences can remodel these circuits to suppress drug-seeking. In ...
Schizophrenia is generally a chronic and disabling mental illness. Pharmacological therapy, which is used for relief of acute psychotic episodes and prevention of subsequent relapse, is essential for ...
The lateral habenula is a brain region associated with behavioral changes and autonomic responses during psychological stress. Researchers at the University of Tsukuba have identified the involvement ...
Since the 1970s, the global trend of obesity has been steadily increasing, earning it the designation of a 21st-century epidemic. Obesity is the main risk factor for various serious health conditions, ...
We thank S. Chaboz, V. Metzler, P. Biry, P. Pflimlin, and V. Graf for technical assistance and R. Seddik and R. Turecek for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by F. Hoffmann-La Roche ...
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