Thermodynamic spontaneity—whether a reaction can go—can be measured by changes in either of two parameters: entropy or free energy.

For decades, Arieh Warshel, USC Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and a 2013 Nobel laureate, has used computer simulations ...

Olalla, from the Department of Condensed Matter Physics at the University of Seville, has described the direct link between ...

Physicists have spent a century trying to reconcile the smooth fabric of spacetime in general relativity with the jittery ...

Science can now explain the connection between information and consciousness. The answer is simpler—and stranger—than you might expect. The key is self-reference.

Olalla’s recent work argues that the disappearance of specific heat at absolute zero—long treated as part of the third law of thermodynamics—can instead be derived directly from the second law, ...

Sometimes, however, the weirdness of the internet spills into the real world in unpredictable ways. That’s what just happened ...

Calling consciousness an "entropic engine" points to something psychologically obvious: selfhood costs energy. Maintaining a stable "me" model across time, contexts, and internal contradictions ...

The discovery of organisms that have been alive for many thousands of years requires a revolution in how we understand life ...

Three thought experiments involving “demons” have haunted physics for centuries. What should we make of them today?

The exploration of quantum information challenges objective reality, positing the universe as a hologram is explored through ...