Operant learning is a process by which a specific behavioural response (such as a lever press) is associated with a biologically salient stimulus known as a reinforcer (such as food). Key neurons in ...

Most operant conditioning circuits predominantly focus on simple feedback process, few studies consider the intricacies of feedback outcomes and the uncertainty of feedback time. This paper proposes a ...

Abstract: Operant conditioning (OC) and secondary conditioning are two important mechanisms for organisms to adapt to external environments. However, most memristor-based neural network circuits only ...

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Fear conditioning is a type of classical conditioning that involves pairing an aversive stimulus (such as an electric shock) with either a neutral context (such as a location) or stimulus (such as a ...

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