However, researchers at the University of Tsukuba have discovered that parasitism can still be successful in these cases—if another species of wasp lays eggs in the same host simultaneously.

In nature, these relationships can take many forms, including mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. While mutualistic relationships benefit both parties, commensalism favors one species without ...

The ecological interaction predictions in this study revealed a relative decrease in collaborative interactions (mutualism and commensalism) and an increase in exploitative interactions (antagonism ...

It has been over 20 years since Pirofski and Casadevall distinguished the terms “infection,” “colonization,” and “commensalism” by establishing the “damage response framework” in which microbial ...

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Our world is truly extraordinary. From minibeasts to mammals, from the beautiful to the bizarre, from the iconic to the overlooked and the undervalued. Every animal, every plant, big or small, plays a ...