Many now lie in ruins, but once were the epicenter of life, commerce and culture. We begin with Syganak, once the capital of the Kipchak Khanate and a strategic hub that bridged east and west. ASTANA ...

According to German political scientist Martin Axmann in his seminal work Back to the Future: The Khanate of Kalat and the Genesis of Baloch Nationalism 1915–1955, Kalat had clear ambitions to carve ...

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