Mongolia, also called "Outer Mongolia" declared independence from China in 1911, but was soon occupied by Russians, who were first welcomed as allies against China, but proved just as heavy handed.

Inner Mongolia became the federal state of Meng Chiang (Mongol Border Land), and Prince Teh found himself an exalted puppet. The Russians had brought progress to Outer Mongolia in the form of ...

The Qing dynasty divided Mongolia into two portions, Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia. The Manchus encouraged Chinese encroachment and colonization of Mongolian lands, beginning with Inner Mongolia.

Outer Mongolia and Inner Mongolia are two seminomadic lands of indefinite status, lying north of China proper and adjoining Manchuria. Last week a whooping pack of Outer Mongolian cavalry swooped ...