What if I say that starting a business is unnatural? The venture is always risky, and we’re so good at avoiding risks: Some say it's just the way our brains are wired. Fear of loss may be primal and ...

Peter Gratton, Ph.D., is a New Orleans-based editor and professor with over 20 years of experience in investing, risk management, and public policy. Peter began covering markets at Multex (Reuters) ...

Expected value calculates average future investment returns based on outcome probabilities. In finance, expected value guides portfolio construction and when to sell assets with lower future value.