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The team focused its attention on the striatum, a region within the brain's basal ganglia, where neurons use dopamine to influence neural circuits involved in a variety of processes, including ...

We then selectively expressed hM3Ds in D1 medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) and found that hM3Ds was able to activate the D1-MSNs-mediated basal ganglia direct pathway ... was injected into each side of ...

In the first comprehensive, cell-by-cell analysis of brain tissue from individuals with Tourette syndrome, researchers have pinpointed exactly which cells are perturbed and how they malfunction, ...

C) Wiring diagram of basal ganglia circuitry. D) Normalized difference in cell type proportions comparing TS to control brains assessed using snRNA-seq data. **p-value < 0.001 by paired t-test.

This important study presents single-unit activity collected during model-based (MB) and model-free (MF) reinforcement learning in non-human primates. The dataset was carefully collected, and the ...

This study is particularly timely as it provides new insights into the disorder's biology that point to inhibitory interneuron neuronal and synaptic loss as a key contributing factor to the basal ...