DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the fundamental building block of life. It carries the genetic instructions that dictate ...

These discoveries shed light on the chemical processes that may have seeded Earth ... There are four main nucleic acid bases: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine, with uracil as an additional one.

A team of microbiologists, chemists and pharmaceutical specialists at Shandong University, Guangzhou Medical University, ...

Covalent bonding is a widely understood phenomenon that joins the atoms of a molecule by a shared electron pair. But in ...

Enzymes significantly speed up the chemical reactions that keep you alive. Researchers are using AI to create new ones to tackle modern challenges.

Using a new method to study how carbohydrates modify proteins, scientists have discovered that gut bacteria can alter molecular signatures in the brain.

Molecular Biology is the field of biology that studies the composition, structure and interactions of cellular molecules such as nucleic acids and proteins that carry out the biological ...

It includes the study of rates of sequence change, relative importance of adaptive and neutral changes, and changes in genome structure. Origins-of-life research has focused on specific chemical ...

Chemical Engineering is concerned with the design and operation of processes which convert materials and energy into the higher value products we use every day. It understands the processes which ...