How far down in the biological scale does such social behavior extend? Are social urges and instincts and reactions part of the life of the very cells of which organisms are made? Or are they ...

University of Michigan, M.S., Ph.D. environmental biology of reptiles and amphibians; ecology of invading organisms; and the evolution of behavior. Each area involves student research assistants and ...

Plants mount strategic defenses against predators, fungi solve complex mathematical problems, and bacteria coordinate group ...

Populations of organisms do not remain constant ... and this shift in foraging behavior coincides with a population decline (Figure 1a). Grouse and hare populations cycle in a manner comparable ...

these include the organism's appearance, development, and behavior. An organism's phenotype is determined by its genotype, which is the set of genes the organism carries, as well as by ...

The organisms in the study are the only bacteria ... Further, cells within a consortium exhibit different and complementary behavior in terms of their metabolism. The evolution of multicellularity ...