Forward integration empowers businesses to control distribution, streamline operations, and eliminate intermediaries. Learn ...

For decades, vertical integration meant ownership. According to Michael E. Porter's seminal work Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, companies sought to reduce costs, ...

Vilsa Curto ([email protected]), Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts. Anna D. Sinaiko, Harvard University. Meredith B. Rosenthal, Harvard University. Alongside recent increases in ownership, ...