The atoms bond because there is a strong enough attraction in both directions and room for the electrons in the outer energy level of the atoms. When two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom get close ...

The ball-and-stick and first space-filling model show that sucrose is a large molecule made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Sucrose has many O–H bonds which are polar ... their motion overcome the ...

"Our approach reframes hydrogen bonds as electrostatic interactions between dipoles and an electric field, which allows us to calculate their strength directly from spectroscopic data." The team used ...