A large number of computational models of information processing in the basal ganglia have been developed in recent years. Prominent in these are actor-critic models of basal ganglia functioning which ...

Their findings, published in Nature, detail how dopamine release in the brain’s basal ganglia plays a role in guiding learning, even in the absence of external rewards. A group of interconnected brain ...

JUST like what they do during the Christmas holidays, many people spend the Holy Week to reflect and try making resolutions — ...

dopamine levels in the basal ganglia increased. According to the press release, it didn’t matter whether the bird hit all the notes or missed some — any attempt at singing triggered the brain's reward ...

Whenever a bird practiced, dopamine levels in the bird's basal ganglia started to ramp up ... singing activates signals in the brain's reward pathways. The birds' dopamine surged more when ...

The basal ganglia are a set of subcortical structures ... through a suppression of high beta synchrony mediated by the hyperdirect pathway. Striatonigral neurons comprise diverse subtypes, yet ...