“With CVS, we can now quantify exactly how much extra charge hydroxide ions donate to H-bond networks (8%), and how much ...

Hydrogen atoms are close together. The electron from each atom feels the attraction from the proton in the nucleus of the other atom. This attraction pulls the atoms together and the electrons are ...

Sucrose has many O–H bonds which are polar. These polar areas are shown with a + near the hydrogen atom and a − near the oxygen atom. The second space-filling model shows two sucrose molecules held ...

Charged amino acid side chains can form ionic bonds, and polar amino acids are capable of forming hydrogen bonds. Hydrophobic side chains interact with each other via weak van der Waals interactions.